SASH - a stand-alone shell with many built-in commands The sash program is a stand-alone shell which is useful for recovering from certain types of system failures. In particular, it was created in order to cope with the problem of missing shared libraries or important executables. Sash can execute external programs, as in any shell. There are no restrictions on these commands, as the standard shell is used to execute them if there are any non-wildcard meta-characters in the command. More importantly, however, is that many of the standard system commands are built-in to sash. This script applies the 'sash-plus-patches' command collection, which adds the following commands: 'chroot' 'pivot_root' and 'losetup'. These functions actually provide interfaces to the respective Linux system calls. They are specificly useful when sash is used as a shell in "initial ramdisk" (initrd) environments. In addition, a simple shell variable expansion support has been added, e.g. the variable "$(VAR)" is replaced by the content of the variable "VAR".